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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
06:28

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

Published on: January 30, 2020

A new versatile underground gamma-ray spectrometry system.

Guillaume Lutter1, Mikael Hult, Gerd Marissens

  • 1European Commission, DG JRC, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium. guillaume.lutter@ec.europa.eu

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|June 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new versatile lead-copper shield at IRMM

Keywords:
Compton suppressionHPGe-detectorLow-level gamma-ray spectrometryShieldingUnderground laboratory

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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space
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A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space
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A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space

Published on: February 1, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear analytical chemistry
  • Radiation detection and measurement

Background:

  • Underground analytical facilities require advanced shielding for sensitive measurements.
  • Minimizing background radiation is crucial for accurate radionuclide detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel lead-copper shield for versatile detector use.
  • To evaluate the background performance of the shield with different detector setups.
  • To demonstrate the shield's utility for optimizing detection limits.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and implementation of a large lead shield lined with copper.
  • Testing four distinct detector configurations, including High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) and Sodium Iodide (NaI) detectors.
  • Assessment of background radiation levels across different configurations.

Main Results:

  • The lead-copper shield demonstrates versatile compatibility with multiple detector types.
  • Low background performance was maintained across all tested detector configurations.
  • The shield facilitates efficient detector swapping while preserving low background conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed shield is a valuable asset for underground analytical facilities.
  • Its versatility supports detector testing for diverse experiments.
  • It enables optimized detection limits for specific radionuclides in various research projects.