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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
09:26

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

Published on: October 15, 2013

Immune response to HIV.

Matthieu Perreau1, Yves Levy, Giuseppe Pantaleo

  • 1Division of Immunology and Allergy bSwiss Vaccine Research Institute, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
|June 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early HIV infection establishes a latent reservoir before an effective immune response develops. This narrow window limits interventions for HIV eradication or preventing viral rebound after treatment cessation.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
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Published on: October 15, 2013

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Major advances in understanding HIV-specific immune responses and viral escape mechanisms.
  • Primary HIV infection involves rapid establishment of the latent reservoir.
  • The latent reservoir is a significant barrier to HIV eradication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review HIV-specific immune responses during primary infection.
  • To examine the kinetics of immunological and virological events.
  • To discuss effective versus ineffective immune responses in controlling HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HIV immunology and virology.
  • Analysis of immunological and virological data from primary HIV infection studies.
  • Evaluation of genetic and cellular factors influencing HIV control.

Main Results:

  • Genetic factors like HLA-B5701 are linked to nonprogressive HIV infection.
  • Polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses correlate with nonprogressive infection.
  • Broadly neutralizing antibodies emerge late and do not control viral replication.

Conclusions:

  • The latent HIV reservoir forms during the 'eclipse phase' of primary infection.
  • HIV-specific immune responses have limited efficacy in controlling early viral events.
  • A narrow therapeutic window exists for interventions during primary infection or post-treatment cessation.