Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...

Detection of Black Holes

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...

Calculation of First-Law Quantities II

Calculation of First-Law Quantities II

The first law of thermodynamics establishes that the change in internal energy of a system is given by ΔU = q + w, where q is the heat exchanged, and w is the work performed. For a perfect gas, both internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H) depend solely on temperature. Consequently, for any change of state, whether reversible or irreversible, the internal energy change is determined by integrating the heat capacity at constant volume, and the enthalpy change by integrating the heat capacity at...

Calculation of First Law Quantities I

Calculation of First Law Quantities I

Thermodynamic systems undergoing phase transitions or temperature changes experience energy transfer in the form of heat (q) and work (w). For a reversible phase change at constant temperature (T) and pressure (p), the process involves no chemical reaction but results in energy exchange between distinct phases.The heat transferred during this process corresponds to the latent heat of transition, which is the amount of heat energy absorbed or released by a substance when it changes from one...

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
This has been verified in many experiments. However, space and time are no longer absolute. Two observers moving relative to one another do not agree on the length of objects or the passage of time. The mechanics of objects based on Newton's laws of motion,...

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Potential Gravitational Wave Signatures of Quantum Gravity.

Physical review letters·2021

Same author

The Montevideo Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: A Short Review.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2020

Same author

Critical Collapse of a Scalar Field in Semiclassical Loop Quantum Gravity.

Physical review letters·2020

Same author

Milestones of general relativity.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2016

Same author

Local Hamiltonian for spherically symmetric gravity coupled to a scalar field.

Physical review letters·2012

Same author

Black holes in loop quantum gravity: the complete space-time.

Physical review letters·2008

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Loop quantization of the Schwarzschild black hole.

Rodolfo Gambini¹, Jorge Pullin

¹Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, esquina Mataojo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.

Physical Review Letters

|June 11, 2013

Summary

This study quantizes gravity using loop quantum gravity techniques, creating quantum spacetime that resolves classical singularities within black holes. New quantum observables emerge, offering a deeper understanding of gravity at the smallest scales.

More Related Videos

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Area of Science:

Theoretical physics
Quantum gravity
General relativity

Background:

Classical general relativity predicts singularities within black holes.
Quantizing gravity presents significant theoretical challenges, including handling constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantize spherically symmetric vacuum gravity without gauge fixing.
To develop a quantum theory resolving black hole singularities.

Main Methods:

Applied loop quantum gravity techniques.
Utilized a rescaling to Abelianize the Hamiltonian constraint algebra.
Completed the Dirac quantization procedure.

Main Results:

Constructed exact solutions for the physical Hilbert space.
Introduced new quantum observables analogous to spin.
Demonstrated the resolution of classical singularities.

Conclusions:

The quantum theory provides a singularity-free description of spacetime inside black holes.
New quantum observables arise from the discrete nature of spin networks.