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Ship wakes: Kelvin or Mach angle?

Marc Rabaud1, Frédéric Moisy

  • 1Laboratoire FAST, Université Paris-Sud, UPMC Université Paris 6, CNRS, Bâtiment 502, Campus Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France.

Physical Review Letters
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ship wake angles transition from Kelvin

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Naval hydrodynamics
  • Wave theory

Background:

  • The classical Kelvin theory predicts a constant ship wake angle.
  • This prediction is independent of ship speed, a phenomenon observed in naval hydrodynamics.
  • However, empirical observations suggest speed-dependent wake angles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the discrepancy between Kelvin's theory and observed ship wake angles.
  • To identify the physical mechanisms governing ship wake patterns at various speeds.
  • To propose a new model explaining the observed wake angle variations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of airborne images of ship wakes.
  • Development of a theoretical model incorporating disturbance size.
  • Validation through numerical simulations.

Main Results:

  • Ship wake angles decrease with velocity (U^-1) at high speeds, resembling a Mach cone.
  • A transition between Kelvin and Mach-like regimes occurs around a Froude number of 0.5.
  • The finite size of the disturbance is key to explaining this transition.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a previously unnoticed Mach-like regime for ship wakes.
  • The findings challenge the universality of Kelvin's constant wake angle prediction.
  • A new model explains the speed-dependent nature of ship wakes based on disturbance size.