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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Dissipation and supercurrent fluctuations in a diffusive normal-metal-superconductor ring.

B Dassonneville1, M Ferrier, S Guéron

  • 1LPS, University of Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.

Physical Review Letters
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers studied a hybrid normal-metal-superconductor ring and found a significant dissipative current component. This dissipation arises from Andreev level transitions and relaxation, revealing previously unobserved supercurrent noise.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Phenomena
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Mesoscopic hybrid normal-metal-superconductor rings exhibit a dense Andreev spectrum and a flux-dependent minigap.
  • Understanding the dynamic response of these systems is crucial for exploring quantum transport phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the linear response of a hybrid normal-metal-superconductor ring to high-frequency flux.
  • To characterize the dissipative and dissipationless contributions to the current response across a wide frequency range.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multimode superconducting resonator to probe the ring's response.
  • Measured the linear response to high-frequency applied flux.
  • Analyzed the current response as a function of frequency and temperature.

Main Results:

  • Identified a significant dissipative current component alongside the expected dissipationless Josephson contribution.
  • Observed that dissipation at high frequencies (relative to the minigap) and low temperatures is due to transitions across the minigap.
  • Found that at lower frequencies, dissipation is primarily caused by the relaxation of Andreev states' population.
  • Characterized the dissipative response by a phase dependence dominated by its second harmonic, a previously unobserved phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals complex dissipation mechanisms in hybrid superconductor-normal metal rings.
  • The observed second-harmonic phase dependence of dissipation provides experimental evidence for predicted zero-frequency thermal noise of supercurrent.
  • These findings offer new insights into quantum transport and noise phenomena in mesoscopic superconducting systems.