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Related Concept Videos

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

Mechanisms for initiating cellular DNA replication.

Alessandro Costa1, Iris V Hood, James M Berger

  • 1Clare Hall Laboratories, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD United Kingdom. alessandro.costa@cancer.org.uk

Annual Review of Biochemistry
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication initiation is crucial for cell proliferation. This review compares bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic systems, revealing convergent evolution in DNA replication initiation mechanisms despite distinct molecular players.

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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
07:18

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
07:37

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase

Published on: September 27, 2024

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication initiation is a critical, irreversible step in cell proliferation.
  • Multiprotein complexes are essential for identifying replication origins and forming replication bubbles.
  • Proper initiation ensures the accurate duplication of genetic material.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare DNA replication initiation systems across bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
  • To highlight conserved and divergent molecular mechanisms involved in replication initiation.
  • To identify persistent knowledge gaps in understanding replication initiation programs.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of molecular mechanisms governing DNA replication initiation.
  • Review of existing literature on initiation systems in diverse organisms.
  • Focus on functional domains and regulatory strategies.

Main Results:

  • Common functional domains and regulatory strategies exist in replication initiation across domains of life.
  • Key protein participants and their activities show significant divergence, suggesting convergent evolution.
  • Despite similarities, distinct molecular players and mechanisms are employed by different organisms.

Conclusions:

  • DNA replication initiation involves conserved principles but diverse molecular solutions across bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
  • Convergent evolution has shaped distinct protein machinery for initiating DNA replication.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular intricacies of replication initiation programs.