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Formation of perfluorinated surfactants from precursors by indigenous microorganisms in groundwater
Michio Murakami1, Hiroshi Nishikoori, Hiroshi Sakai
1Wisdom of Water (Suntory), Corporate Sponsored Research Program, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. michio@env.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Abstract:
The formation of perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs) from their precursors in waters is of concern. In this study, the formation of PFSs through biodegradation of precursors was measured in incubation tests. Indigenous microorganisms in groundwater were able to biodegrade perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) to yield perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The addition of nutrients and soil promoted the formation. A 42-d incubation test using sources of groundwater recharge showed that PFOS, perfluorooctanoate, and perfluorononanoate were significantly and remarkably (⩾1.5×) formed from precursors in street runoff through biodegradation, but not in rainwater or wastewater effluent. Significant formation of PFSs from precursors in street runoff was observed.
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