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Related Concept Videos

Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order structures.
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

Chromatin meets its organizers.

Megan S Bodnar1, David L Spector

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, The Watson School of Biological Sciences, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.

Cell
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals novel architectural proteins that organize chromatin. These proteins work together to control gene interactions during development in a cell-specific way.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chromatin organization is essential for regulating gene expression during development.
  • Understanding how chromatin is structured at a large scale is key to deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel proteins involved in large-scale chromatin organization.
  • To understand the combinatorial function of these proteins in cell-type-specific gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced genomic and proteomic techniques.
  • Investigated protein interactions and their role in chromatin architecture.

Main Results:

  • Identified a set of unexpected architectural proteins.

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Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
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Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

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Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
21:55

Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation

Published on: April 30, 2012

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
09:13

Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates

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Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
21:55

Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation

Published on: April 30, 2012

  • Demonstrated their combinatorial action in organizing chromatin.
  • Showcased cell-type-specific chromatin organization at the submegabase scale.

    • Conclusions:

    • Novel architectural proteins play a critical role in functional chromatin organization.
    • Combinatorial protein function underlies cell-type-specific chromatin architecture.
    • This organization is crucial for developmental programs.