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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
15:57

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Published on: July 11, 2015

Using epigenetics to define vaccine-induced memory T cells.

Ben Youngblood1, J Scott Hale, Rama Akondy

  • 1Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States. byoungb@emory.edu

Current Opinion in Virology
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic profiling reveals poised transcriptional programs in memory T cells, crucial for long-term immunity. This method aids in understanding T cell function and evaluating vaccine efficacy.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
15:57

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Published on: July 11, 2015

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Memory T cells provide long-term immunity through persistence and rapid recall responses.
  • Maintaining T cell readiness involves transcriptional regulation, but poised states are often overlooked.
  • Current transcriptional profiling methods struggle to identify these pre-activation states in memory T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies using epigenetic profiling to examine memory T cell differentiation and function.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic programs in regulating T cell recall responses.
  • To discuss the utility of epigenetic profiling for vaccine preclinical evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on epigenetic profiling of effector and memory T cell subsets.
  • Focus on epigenetic marks indicating transcriptionally poised states.
  • Discussion of single-locus versus genome-wide epigenetic profiling techniques.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic profiling can identify transcriptionally poised states in T cells without activation.
  • Acquisition of epigenetic programs during differentiation correlates with recall responses.
  • Epigenetic signatures are linked to the maintenance of T cell function.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic profiling is a valuable tool for characterizing T cell differentiation and function.
  • Understanding epigenetic programs is key to deciphering life-long immunity mediated by memory T cells.
  • Epigenetic profiling offers insights for preclinical vaccine assessment.