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Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
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Pathways in microbe-induced obesity.

Laura M Cox1, Martin J Blaser2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, New York University Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Cell Metabolism
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern diet and gut microbiota alterations can cause obesity. Understanding these interactions, especially energy extraction and inflammation, is key to addressing metabolic dysfunction from early life disruptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolic Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Obesity is influenced by diet, host genetics, and gut microbiota composition.
  • Alterations in the intestinal microbiota can lead to microbe-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Early life microbiota disruption can result in long-term metabolic syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathways linking diet, host genes, and gut microbiota to obesity.
  • To explore the role of energy extraction and inflammation in metabolic phenotypes.
  • To understand participant roles in physiological systems using model perturbations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of interactions between diet, host genes, and intestinal microbiota.
  • Focus on energy extraction pathways and inflammatory roles in metabolic phenotypes.
  • Examination of model physiologic systems (gastric bypass, pregnancy, hibernation).

Main Results:

  • Microbiota perturbation is a primary driver of metabolic changes in microbe-induced obesity.
  • Inflammation plays a significant role in the metabolic phenotypes associated with microbiota alterations.
  • Model systems reveal critical participant roles in energy balance and metabolic health.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota composition and function are critical determinants of host metabolic health.
  • Interventions targeting the microbiota may offer novel strategies for obesity treatment.
  • Understanding host-microbe-diet interactions is essential for preventing and managing metabolic diseases.