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Updated: May 10, 2026

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation
Published on: July 6, 2019
The role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of indirect acute lung injury
1Department of Anesthetics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
Abstract:
Indirect acute lung injury (IALI) manifests as rapid-onset respiratory failure following secondary clinical events to the parenchyma or lung vasculature, such as hemorrhage shock, extra-pulmonary sepsis, trauma, ischemia-reperfusion, and burn injury. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune system of lung diseases. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), one of the well characterized PRRs, recognizes not only the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, but also the endogenous ligands in IALI. In this review, we summarize a variety of reports concerning the role of TLR4 and IALI pathogenesis.
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