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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies01:27

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies

Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

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Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
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Quantitative computed tomography in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

David A Lynch1, Mustafa A Al-Qaisi

  • 1Division of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA. lynchd@njhealth.org

Journal of Thoracic Imaging
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantitative computed tomography (CT) effectively quantifies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) features like emphysema and air trapping. CT-derived airway measurements correlate with airflow obstruction severity and COPD exacerbation history.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Quantitative computed tomography (CT) is crucial for assessing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • Key COPD features evaluated include emphysema, air trapping, and airway abnormalities.
  • Standardized quantification methods are essential for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the quantitative CT techniques for assessing emphysema, air trapping, and airway abnormalities in COPD.
  • To discuss variations and correlations of these CT-derived metrics with disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Emphysema quantification often uses the density mask technique with thresholds around -950 HU.
  • Air trapping is assessed by expiratory CT, comparing lung volumes and attenuation or using coregistered inspiratory/expiratory scans.
  • Airway dimensions are measured from 3D models derived from volumetric CT.

Main Results:

  • Quantitative CT indices for emphysema and air trapping show good correlation with physiological airway obstruction.
  • Airway measurements, including wall thickness and diameters, correlate with airflow obstruction severity.
  • CT-derived parameters reflect COPD exacerbation history.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative CT provides valuable insights into COPD pathophysiology.
  • CT-based measurements of emphysema, air trapping, and airways are clinically relevant for assessing COPD severity and prognosis.