Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 10, 2026

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
Published on: September 12, 2014
Photosensitivity and panic-agoraphobic spectrum: a pilot study
Letizia Bossini1, Ellen Frank, Giulia Campinoti
1Department of Neuroscience, University of Siena, Italy. bossini2@unisi.it
Background:
The aims of this study were to assess photosensitivity (photophobia and photophilia) in panic disorder (PD) patients compared to healthy controls, and to evaluate the correlation between photosensitivity and panic-agoraphobic spectrum self-report (PAS-SR) scores.
Methods:
The PAS-SR and Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaires were administered to 24 PD subjects and 33 healthy controls.
Results:
Compared to controls, PD patients showed significantly higher levels of photophobia and lower levels of photophilia items. The PAS-SR total score was positively correlated with the photophobia score.
Conclusions:
This study shows a strong correlation between PD and photophobia. However, whether photophobia develops before or after the onset of PD remains unclear. Further research is warranted to assess the potential role of light stimuli exposure in the onset, course and outcome of PD.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Panic Disorder
Anxiety: Overview
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Preparedness and Phobias
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Social Anxiety Disorder

