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Related Concept Videos

Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy: A Standard Operating Procedure for the Detection of Demodex Mites at the Eyelid Margin
05:21

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy: A Standard Operating Procedure for the Detection of Demodex Mites at the Eyelid Margin

Published on: July 3, 2025

Demodex.

Milton M Hom1, Katherine M Mastrota, Scott E Schachter

  • 1Omni Eye Surgery, New York, NY, USA. eyemage@mminternet.com

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Demodex mites are highly prevalent in older adults and often overlooked. A specific clinical sequence aids in identifying these common Demodex eye conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dermatology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are ectoparasites with nearly 100% prevalence in individuals over 70.
  • Despite high prevalence, Demodex mites are often underdiagnosed and undertreated by eye care practitioners.

Observation:

  • A clinical sequence involving patient history (blepharitis, dry eyes, ocular allergy), slit lamp examination (cylindrical dandruff), and microscopic lash evaluation was used.
  • Case reports detail patients with associations to dry eyes, diabetes, rosacea, and medication use, illustrating varied Demodex presentations.

Findings:

  • The clinical sequence effectively aids in the identification of Demodex mites.
  • Specific signs include cylindrical dandruff at lash bases and visible mite tails.

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Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy: A Standard Operating Procedure for the Detection of Demodex Mites at the Eyelid Margin
05:21

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy: A Standard Operating Procedure for the Detection of Demodex Mites at the Eyelid Margin

Published on: July 3, 2025

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
08:13

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

Published on: November 11, 2025

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Implications:

  • Early identification of Demodex is crucial for managing this underappreciated ocular surface disease.
  • Implementing this diagnostic sequence can improve patient outcomes for conditions linked to Demodex infestation.