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Related Concept Videos

Covalent Bonds01:29

Covalent Bonds

Overview
Covalent Bonds01:08

Covalent Bonds

Overview
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
MO Theory and Covalent Bonding02:40

MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
Chemical Bonds02:40

Chemical Bonds


Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number. Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds are some of the important types of chemical bonds. Bond energy and bond length determine the strength of a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
An ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between cations and anions. Often, the ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from...
Introduction to Chemical Bonds01:01

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds
The electrons of the outermost energy level determine the energetic stability of the atom and its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The innermost electron shell has a maximum capacity of two electrons, but the next two electron shells can each have a maximum of eight electrons. This is known as the octet rule, which states that, with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are most stable energetically when they have eight electrons in their valence shell, the...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Recent advances in dynamic covalent chemistry.

Yinghua Jin1, Chao Yu, Ryan J Denman

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Chemical Society Reviews
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) utilizes reversible covalent bonds for robust molecular construction. This review highlights recent advancements in DCvC reactions and their diverse applications.

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Published on: June 15, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) integrates supramolecular chemistry's error correction with covalent bonding's robustness.
  • DCvC enables access to combinatorial libraries, macrocycles, and molecular cages for applications in drug discovery, biotechnology, and molecular separation.
  • Dynamic covalent reactions involve reversible bond formation/breaking, often requiring catalysts for rapid equilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in dynamic covalent reactions.
  • To explore the expanding applications of DCvC.
  • To emphasize the need for new dynamic reactions and catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in dynamic covalent chemistry.
  • Analysis of established and emerging dynamic covalent reactions.
  • Compilation of applications across various scientific fields.

Main Results:

  • DCvC has found broad utility in creating complex molecular architectures.
  • The field is rapidly expanding, with increasing numbers of suitable reversible reactions.
  • Catalysis plays a crucial role in achieving efficient dynamic covalent transformations.

Conclusions:

  • The development of novel dynamic reactions and catalysts is essential for advancing DCvC.
  • DCvC offers significant potential for future innovations in materials science and beyond.
  • Continued research in DCvC promises to unlock new applications and molecular designs.