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Functional changes in platelets during extracorporeal circulation.

Y Tamari, L Aledort, E Puszkin

    The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
    |June 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Extracorporeal circulation significantly impairs platelet function, with a membrane lung causing a 65% reduction in aggregation. This study highlights the trauma to platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Hematology
    • Cardiovascular Research

    Background:

    • Extracorporeal circulation is vital in modern medicine, particularly during cardiac surgery.
    • Understanding its impact on blood components, especially platelets, is crucial for patient outcomes.
    • Platelets play a key role in hemostasis and their dysfunction can lead to complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of extracorporeal circulation on platelet count and function.
    • To compare the impact of a membrane lung circuit versus a control circuit on platelet parameters.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms behind observed changes in platelet activity.

    Main Methods:

    • An in vitro study using two identical circuits for six hours of blood perfusion.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • One circuit incorporated a G.E.--Peirce membrane lung; the other served as a control.
  • Platelet aggregation was measured using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, and collagen before and after perfusion.

    • Main Results:

    • The membrane lung circuit showed a 20% decrease in platelet count, while the control circuit had no significant drop.
    • Platelet aggregation was reduced by approximately 30% in the control circuit and 65% in the membrane lung circuit.
    • A significant reduction in platelet function occurred, disproportionate to the decrease in platelet count.

    Conclusions:

    • Extracorporeal circulation, especially with a membrane lung, markedly impairs platelet aggregation and function.
    • Potential mechanisms include loss of active platelets, inhibition by released ADP, and direct platelet trauma.
    • Further research is needed to mitigate platelet dysfunction during cardiopulmonary bypass.