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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
Energy Balance01:19

Energy Balance

The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
13:09

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Published on: April 4, 2012

Early life programming of obesity.

Malgorzata S Martin-Gronert1, Susan E Ozanne

  • 1University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK.

Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Early life environment and nutrition significantly impact long-term obesity risk. Rapid postnatal growth is linked to higher obesity risk, while slower growth is associated with lower risk.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Global obesity prevalence is rising, necessitating research into its origins.
  • Early life environment, particularly nutrition and growth, is increasingly recognized as critical for long-term obesity risk.
  • Epidemiological studies link suboptimal early growth patterns to later obesity development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the profound influence of early life environment and growth on long-term obesity risk.
  • To explore how in utero and early postnatal nutrition and growth impact energy balance regulation.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying programmed changes predisposing individuals to obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological studies in humans.

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Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
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Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

Published on: May 8, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography
13:09

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Published on: April 4, 2012

Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents
09:10

Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents

Published on: November 1, 2019

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
04:48

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

Published on: May 8, 2018

  • Analysis of evidence from animal models.
  • Examination of alterations in neuronal pathways and peripheral physiological systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Early life nutrition and growth can permanently affect energy balance regulation systems.
    • Rapid postnatal growth is associated with increased obesity risk, whereas slower growth is linked to reduced risk.
    • Early nutrition can lead to long-lasting detrimental effects on fat storage and nutrient utilization, increasing obesity susceptibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Early life factors play a crucial role in programming long-term obesity risk.
    • Alterations in central and peripheral systems mediating energy homeostasis are influenced by early growth patterns.
    • Epigenetic mechanisms are potential contributors to these programmed changes, warranting further investigation.