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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Published on: December 29, 2021

Run-length encoding graphic rules, biochemically editable designs and steganographical numeric data embedment for

Tomonori Kawano1

  • 1Faculty and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering; The University of Kitakyushu; Kitakyushu, Japan ; University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV at Kitakyushu); Kitakyushu, Japan ; International Plant Neurobiology Laboratory; University of Florence; Sesto Fiorentino, Italy ; LEM; Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7; Institut de Biologie des Plantes; Orsay cedex, France.

Communicative & Integrative Biology
|June 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces novel artificial genes for storing compressed image data and enabling DNA-based cryptography. The system uses unique encoding and biochemical editing for secure data storage and steganography.

Keywords:
DNARLEartificial gene for imagingartificial genesbio-computingencryptioninformaticsrun-length encodingsteganography

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Area of Science:

  • Bio-computing
  • Molecular Biology
  • Digital Information Storage

Background:

  • DNA is explored for digital information storage, including security applications like barcodes and cryptography.
  • Natural genes encode proteins, but artificial genes can be designed for data storage.
  • Existing methods lack biochemical editability and steganographical capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose novel artificial gene designs for storing digitally compressed image data.
  • To enable DNA-based cryptography with biochemically editable features.
  • To demonstrate steganographical numeric data embedment within DNA sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Designing artificial genes with coding regions for run-length encoded image data.
  • Incorporating non-coding regions for biochemical editing and password recovery.
  • Utilizing molecular biology tools (digestion, ligation, PCR) for DNA manipulation.
  • Developing protocols for numerical data steganography over image-coding DNA.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of artificial genes for storing compressed image data.
  • Demonstration of DNA-based cryptography for ciphering passwords and secret numbers.
  • Capability for biochemical editing to reveal hidden information within DNA sequences.
  • Successful steganographical embedding of numeric data onto image-coding DNA.

Conclusions:

  • Novel artificial genes offer a versatile platform for bio-computing and secure data storage.
  • The proposed system integrates cryptography and steganography using DNA.
  • Biochemical editing provides a unique mechanism for data retrieval and security.