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Updated: May 10, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
Published on: July 18, 2014
Update on psychological functioning in adults with congenital heart disease: a systematic review
Edward Callus1, Emilia Quadri, Cristian Ricci
1IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Scientific Directorate, Italy. edward.callus@grupposandonato.com
Abstract:
The population of adults with congenital heart disease is increasing due to advancements in cardiology and cardiac surgery. Many patients face medical complications and psychosocial difficulties; however, it is not yet clear whether there is a direct relationship between medical status and the psychological functioning of these patients. This systematic review of the relevant literature is an attempt to: provide a comparison between the population of adults with congenital heart disease, the healthy reference population and similar cardiac populations when it comes to psychological functioning; explore the relationship between medical status/cardiac condition and psychological functioning; and identify the predictors of psychological distress in this population.
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Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
