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Isolation and Screening from Soil Biodiversity for Fungi Involved in the Degradation of Recalcitrant Materials

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Decrease in fungal biodiversity along an available phosphorous gradient in arable Andosol soils in Japan.

Zhihua Bao¹, Yuko Matsushita, Sho Morimoto

¹a National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604 Ibaraki, Japan.

Canadian Journal of Microbiology

|June 12, 2013

Summary

High phosphorus levels in Japanese Andosols negatively impact fungal diversity. This study reveals a significant relationship between available phosphorus and fungal community composition and diversity in these crucial agricultural soils.

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Area of Science:

Soil Science
Microbiology
Ecology

Background:

Andosols are vital for Japanese agriculture, covering significant arable land.
Excessive fertilizer application leads to phosphorus accumulation in Andosols.
The impact of increased phosphorus availability on microbial diversity in these soils is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of available phosphorus on fungal community diversity in Andosols.
To analyze the relationship between phosphorus levels and fungal community composition across various agro-geographical sites.

Main Methods:

Soil samples were collected from 9 sites along a gradient of available phosphorus.
Fungal communities were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) based on 18S rRNA genes.

Main Results:

A significant negative correlation was found between available phosphorus and fungal diversity (H').
Fungal diversity showed a significant hump-shaped relationship with available phosphorus concentration.
The composition of the fungal community was strongly correlated with the available phosphorus gradient, with specific ribotypes like F6 (related to Mortierella) showing positive correlation.

Conclusions:

Available phosphorus concentration significantly influences both the diversity and composition of fungal communities in Andosols.
Understanding these relationships is crucial for managing fungal diversity in these important agricultural soils.