Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rapidly progressive dementia with parkinsonism in the Italian CJD Registry: underlying pathology and clinical-biomarker clues for differential diagnosis.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same author

Diagnostic Potential of Combined Skin Morphometric Analysis and Salivary Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers in Parkinson's Disease.

Cells·2026
Same author

Anxiety and depression as prodromes of Parkinson's disease: prospective findings from the Moli-sani study.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

In Memoriam of Prof. Mark Hallett (1943-2025).

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Early functional network alterations predict motor and cognitive decline in parkinson's disease.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Is segmental/multifocal onset a distinct presentation of idiopathic adult-onset dystonia?

Journal of the neurological sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content
10:41

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content

Published on: May 26, 2018

Is increased blinking a form of blepharospasm?

Antonella Conte1, Giovanni Defazio, Gina Ferrazzano

  • 1Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Neurology
|June 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Increased blink rate (BR) in patients without blepharospasm (BSP) shows normal blink reflex recovery, unlike typical BSP patients. Both groups exhibit similar somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) abnormalities, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children
07:36

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content
10:41

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content

Published on: May 26, 2018

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children
07:36

Classical Short-Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in One-Year-Old Children

Published on: September 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Primary blepharospasm (BSP) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary orbicularis oculi (OO) spasms.
  • An increased blink rate (BR) is sometimes observed, but its relationship to BSP is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if an increased BR is part of the clinical spectrum of primary BSP.
  • To differentiate the pathophysiological mechanisms of increased BR and typical BSP.

Main Methods:

  • Enrolled 40 patients (16 with increased BR, 24 with typical OO spasms) and 18 healthy controls.
  • Assessed blink rate (BR), blink reflex recovery cycle, and somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT).

Main Results:

  • Patients with typical OO spasms showed an altered R2 recovery cycle.
  • Patients with increased BR alone had a normal blink reflex recovery cycle.
  • Both patient groups exhibited higher STDT values than controls, with no significant difference between the patient groups.

Conclusions:

  • Despite similar STDT abnormalities, distinct alterations in the R2 recovery cycle differentiate typical BSP from isolated increased BR.
  • These findings suggest that increased BR and typical BSP originate from different pathological mechanisms.