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Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Published on: March 30, 2018

Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.

Ewelina Grywalska¹, Justyna Markowicz, Piotr Grabarczyk

¹Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland. ewelina.grywalska@gmail.com

Postepy Higieny I Medycyny Doswiadczalnej (Online)

|June 12, 2013

Summary

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most adults and can cause cancers by disrupting lymphocyte growth. This review summarizes EBV

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Published on: March 30, 2018

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus Growth-transformed Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines

Published on: November 8, 2011

Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line

Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Virology
Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread human herpesvirus, infecting over 90% of the global adult population.
EBV is recognized as the first identified human tumor virus, linked to various malignancies.
Disruptions in EBV replication, latency, and immune surveillance can lead to lymphocyte proliferation and malignant transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the oncogenic potential of Epstein-Barr virus.
To summarize the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders.
To consolidate current knowledge on how EBV contributes to cancer development.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific articles and studies on Epstein-Barr virus and associated cancers.
Analysis of research detailing EBV's mechanisms of infection, transformation, and oncogenesis.
Synthesis of evidence linking EBV to specific types of lymphomas and carcinomas.

Main Results:

EBV is strongly associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, NK/T cell lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals.
EBV is also implicated in epithelial cancers like gastric and breast carcinoma.
EBV transforms B lymphocytes into continuously proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines through its encoded products.

Conclusions:

EBV possesses significant oncogenic potential, contributing to a spectrum of human cancers.
The virus hijacks cellular pathways using its gene products to promote growth and inhibit apoptosis.
While EBV's role in oncogenesis is established, the precise molecular mechanisms require further elucidation.