5-lipoxygenase antagonist therapy: a new approach towards targeted cancer chemotherapy

Leukotrienes are the bioactive group of fatty acids and major constituents of arachidonic acid metabolism molded by the catalytic activity of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Evidence is accumulating in support of the direct involvement of 5-LOX in the progression of different types of cancer including prostate, lung, colon, and colorectal cancers. Several independent studies now support the correlation between the 5-LOX expression and cancer cell viability, proliferation, cell migration, invasion through extracellular matrix destruction, metastasis, and activation of anti-apoptotic signaling cascades. The involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor and 5-oxo-ETE receptor (OXER1) is the major talking point in the downstream of the 5-LOX pathway, which relates the cancer cells to the proliferative pathways. Antisense technology approaches and use of different kinds of blocker targeted to 5-LOX, FLAP (5-LOX-activating protein), and OXER1 have shown a greater efficiency in combating different cancer cell types. Lastly, suppression of 5-LOX activity that reduces the cell proliferation activity also induces intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in either p53-dependent or independent manner. Pharmacological agents that specifically inhibit the LOX-mediated signaling pathways have been used during last few years to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma and arthritis. Studies of these well-characterized agents are therefore warranted for their use as possible candidates for chemotherapeutic studies against the killer disease cancer.