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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

The Isolation of Flowing Mesenteric Lymph in Mice to Quantify In Vivo Kinetics of Dietary Lipid Absorption and Chylomicron Secretion
06:14

The Isolation of Flowing Mesenteric Lymph in Mice to Quantify In Vivo Kinetics of Dietary Lipid Absorption and Chylomicron Secretion

Published on: November 30, 2022

Multiorgan system dysfunction in the chylomicronemia syndrome.

Rahul G Argula1, Charlie Strange, Milos N Budisavljevic

  • 1Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
|June 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Severe chylomicronemia syndrome can cause multiorgan failure. Prompt plasmapheresis effectively reduced triglyceride levels, improved organ function, and prevented further damage in a critical patient case.

Keywords:
acute respiratory failurechylomicronemiahypertriglyceridemiahyperviscositymultiorgan system dysfunctionplasmapheresis

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Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

The Isolation of Flowing Mesenteric Lymph in Mice to Quantify In Vivo Kinetics of Dietary Lipid Absorption and Chylomicron Secretion
06:14

The Isolation of Flowing Mesenteric Lymph in Mice to Quantify In Vivo Kinetics of Dietary Lipid Absorption and Chylomicron Secretion

Published on: November 30, 2022

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
11:07

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Chylomicronemia syndrome is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by extremely high triglyceride levels.
  • This condition can lead to severe complications, including pancreatitis and multiorgan system dysfunction.

Observation:

  • A 40-year-old male presented with acute respiratory failure and acute kidney injury due to severe chylomicronemia (triglycerides >5000 mg/dL).
  • Initial cardiac, amylase, and lipase assessments were normal, ruling out other common causes of critical illness.

Findings:

  • Plasmapheresis treatment significantly reduced triglyceride levels within 3 sessions.
  • The patient experienced improved oxygenation, resolution of acute kidney injury, and was successfully extubated.
  • New diagnoses of diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia were established, with appropriate medical management initiated.

Implications:

  • This case highlights severe chylomicronemia as a cause of multiorgan dysfunction secondary to hyperviscosity.
  • Early plasmapheresis is crucial for reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, enhancing tissue perfusion, and averting irreversible organ damage.