Shape components of the maxillary molars in Australian aboriginals

Principal components analysis was used to quantify the variability in crown outlines of maxillary molars in Australian Aboriginals. The outlines were measured by 36 radii from the central pit to the crown periphery. The first component, responsible for over half of the total variance, was concerned with general crown size. Four remaining components were retained to indicate sources of variability resulting from contrasting degrees of development or reduction of different crown components. Shape changes from the first to third molars were identified with components representing overall size reduction, diminution of the hypocone, and metacone elements and mesiodistal compression. An anteroposterior gradient along the molar series in average scores and variances for all components resulted from the progressive reduction of distal crown elements, increasing mesiodistal compression, and greater morphological variation.