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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

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Related Experiment Videos

Structure and function of the T-loop structural motif in noncoding RNAs.

Clarence W Chan1, Bhaskar Chetnani, Alfonso Mondragón

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|June 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The T-loop RNA motif stabilizes tertiary structures by mediating long-range interactions. This review extends T-loop analysis to new RNA structures, revealing diverse functions and potential applications.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The T-loop is a conserved RNA motif crucial for tertiary structure stabilization.
  • Its role in facilitating long-range interactions is well-established in transfer RNAs (tRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of T-loops in newly resolved RNA structures.
  • To expand the understanding of T-loop roles beyond tRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Structure-based criteria were applied to search for T-loops in recent RNA structures from the Protein Data Bank.
  • Analysis included eukaryotic ribosomes, group II introns, riboswitches, and various RNA-protein complexes.

Main Results:

  • T-loops were identified in diverse RNA molecules, including ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), P RNAs, and RNA genetic elements.
  • The study highlights additional functions and roles of T-loops in these new contexts.

Conclusions:

  • T-loops are versatile structural motifs with broader implications in RNA biology.
  • Their potential as interaction modules for RNA engineering and drug design is significant.