Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity

Reciprocity in attraction is fundamental to social and romantic relationships, shaping how individuals form and maintain connections. The psychological principle underlying this phenomenon is that people tend to like those who express liking toward them. Balance theory supports this tendency, suggesting that mutual attraction fosters psychological harmony, whereas one-sided affection leads to discomfort and cognitive dissonance.The Psychological Mechanisms Behind ReciprocityWhen individuals...

Dark Triad and Person Perception

Dark Triad and Person Perception

Person perception is influenced by both external behaviors and the observer’s internal characteristics, including personality traits. Individuals with dark personality traits, comprising psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism — collectively known as the dark triad – exhibit manipulative and exploitative tendencies in social contexts. These traits affect how they perceive others and how they are perceived.The Role of Dark Personality Traits in Person PerceptionBlack et al. (2014) explored...

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation

Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

Social Exchange Theory

Social Exchange Theory

As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Subjective Well-Being Enhances Experiential Perceptions.

Personality & social psychology bulletin·2026

Same author

Drug Overdose Death among Residents of Urban Census Tracts: How Granular Geographical Analyses Uncover Socioenvironmental Correlates in Cuyahoga County, Ohio.

Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·2024

Same author

The effect of false cognitive feedback on subsequent cognitive task performance.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2024

Same author

One-size fits all? Evaluating group differences in an integrated social cognition model to understand COVID-19 vaccine intention and uptake.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2024

Same author

The Need to Rethink Harm Reduction for People Using Drugs Alone to Reduce Overdose Fatalities.

Substance use & misuse·2023

Same author

Bullying and School Violence.

Pediatric clinics of North America·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

A new measure of interpersonal exploitativeness.

Amy B Brunell¹, Mark S Davis, Dan R Schley

¹Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University at Mansfield , Mansfield, OH , USA.

Frontiers in Psychology

|June 12, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new Interpersonal Exploitativeness Scale (IES) reliably measures exploitative tendencies. This scale predicts selfish behavior in resource dilemmas, validating its use in psychological research.

Keywords:

exploitativeness measurement narcissism reciprocity social dilemma

More Related Videos

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

Published on: January 18, 2013

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Published on: March 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Psychology
Social Psychology
Personality Psychology

Background:

Existing measures of exploitativeness lack consistent validity and reliability.
Defining exploitativeness through reciprocity offers a novel approach to measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a new scale, the Interpersonal Exploitativeness Scale (IES).
To assess the psychometric properties and predictive validity of the IES.

Main Methods:

Four studies were conducted involving participant surveys and a resource competition task.
Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to refine the scale items.
Correlational analyses examined the relationship between the IES and related psychological constructs.

Main Results:

A six-item scale (IES) demonstrated strong internal consistency and factor structure.
The IES positively correlated with narcissism, entitlement, and negative reciprocity.
Higher IES scores predicted increased resource exploitation in a commons dilemma scenario.

Conclusions:

The Interpersonal Exploitativeness Scale (IES) is a valid and reliable tool for measuring interpersonal exploitativeness.
The IES effectively predicts behavior in social dilemmas, highlighting its practical applications.