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Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Microbial Interactions: Mutualism01:25

Microbial Interactions: Mutualism

Mutualism is a symbiotic interaction in which all participating organisms benefit. These relationships can be obligate or facultative and are fundamental to ecosystem functions across diverse biological systems.Plant–Fungi MutualismOne well-known example is the association between plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi, such as Rhizophagus species. The fungal hyphae penetrate the root hairs and the epidermis, forming an extensive hyphal network that establishes a symbiotic association. Through this...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
Mutual Inductance01:24

Mutual Inductance

Inductance is the property of a device that tells us how effectively it induces an emf in another device. In other words, it is a physical quantity that expresses the effectiveness of a given device.
When two circuits carrying time-varying currents are close to one another, the magnetic flux through each circuit varies because of the changing current in the other circuit. Consequently, an emf is induced in each circuit by the changing current in the other. Therefore, this type of emf is called...

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Related Experiment Videos

Mutual learning globally.

Ulrich Schnyder1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.

European Journal of Psychotraumatology
|June 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article examines the evolution of the trauma field over two decades, emphasizing organizational development and a global, culture-sensitive approach to trauma. It highlights the significant impact of professional societies like the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.

Keywords:
ESTSSGlobal CollaborationISTSScultural sensitivitymutual learningtrauma

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • The trauma field has evolved significantly over the past 20 years.
  • Professional organizations have played a crucial role in this development.
  • A global and culture-sensitive perspective on trauma is increasingly important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the development of the trauma field from an organizational standpoint.
  • To explore the growing emphasis on global and culture-sensitive perspectives in trauma studies.
  • To reflect on the personal and professional impact of involvement with trauma-focused societies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of organizational development within trauma studies.
  • Personal reflection on contributions to professional societies.
  • Examination of the shift towards global and culture-sensitive trauma research.

Main Results:

  • The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) and the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS) have been instrumental in shaping the trauma field.
  • Professional engagement with these societies has influenced the author's clinical and research perspectives.
  • There has been a discernible increase in the focus on global and culture-sensitive aspects of trauma.

Conclusions:

  • Organizational development is a key driver in the advancement of trauma studies.
  • A global, culture-sensitive approach is essential for contemporary trauma research and practice.
  • Personal experiences within professional societies profoundly shape an individual's contribution to a scientific field.