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Updated: May 10, 2026

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An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
Published on: November 3, 2010
ESTSS and ISTSS: "heterozygous twins"
1Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands.
European Journal of Psychotraumatology
|June 12, 2013
Summary
Traumatic stress research has advanced significantly due to European and US professionals. However, the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) and its US counterpart still face challenges in establishing a unified research path.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychiatry
- Trauma Studies
Background:
- The field of traumatic stress studies has seen substantial growth over recent decades.
- Contributions from professionals in the United States and Europe have been pivotal.
- Despite collaborative advancements, a unified direction between major professional societies remains elusive.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a personal retrospective on the development of traumatic stress studies.
- To reflect on the relationship between the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS).
- To mark the 20th anniversary of the ESTSS by examining its historical context and future outlook.
Main Methods:
- Personal retrospective analysis.
- Historical overview of professional society development.
- Reflective commentary on inter-societal collaboration.
Main Results:
- Significant progress in traumatic stress research is acknowledged, with contributions from both US and European professionals.
- Persistent challenges exist in forging an "equal common pathway" between the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and the ESTSS.
- The retrospective highlights the importance of continued dialogue and collaboration for the advancement of the field.
Conclusions:
- The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) has a notable history, contributing to the global understanding of traumatic stress.
- Addressing the existing challenges in collaboration between international and European societies is crucial for future progress in trauma research.
- A unified approach is essential for maximizing the impact of traumatic stress studies worldwide.
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Genetic Lingo
Overview
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Law of Segregation
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
Law of Independent Assortment
While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.

