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Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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Updated: May 10, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Published on: January 17, 2018

Male prolactinomas presenting with normal testosterone levels.

Ilan Shimon1, Carlos Benbassat

  • 1Institute of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, 49100, Petah Tikva, Israel, ilanshi@clalit.org.il.

Pituitary
|June 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Men with prolactinoma can have normal testosterone levels, but still experience hypogonadism symptoms. Treatment with cabergoline improves testosterone and symptoms, even in those with initially normal levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Prolactinoma, a pituitary tumor, commonly causes hypogonadism in men.
  • Symptoms include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and gynecomastia due to elevated prolactin (PRL).
  • Low testosterone is a characteristic finding, but normal levels can occur.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prolactinoma in men with normal testosterone levels.
  • To compare these men to those with borderline or low testosterone.
  • To assess the impact of cabergoline treatment on testosterone and hypogonadism symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Compared three groups of men with prolactinoma: normal (≥2.6 ng/ml), borderline (2.1-2.5 ng/ml), and low (≤2 ng/ml) baseline testosterone.
  • Measured serum prolactin (PRL) and testosterone levels.
  • Assessed hypogonadism symptoms and tumor characteristics.
  • Evaluated changes in testosterone and symptoms after cabergoline treatment.

Main Results:

  • Men with normal testosterone (cohort A) had elevated PRL but less severe hypogonadism than other groups.
  • All groups showed significant increases in testosterone levels after cabergoline treatment.
  • Hypogonadism symptoms improved in 83% of symptomatic men in cohort A.

Conclusions:

  • Normal testosterone levels do not rule out prolactinoma in men.
  • Cabergoline effectively increases testosterone and improves hypogonadism symptoms in prolactinoma patients, regardless of baseline testosterone.
  • This highlights the importance of considering prolactinoma even with normal testosterone levels.