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Clinical Practice: Chronic fatigue syndrome.

Charlotte L Werker1, Sanne L Nijhof, Elise M van de Putte

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, c.l.werker@students.uu.nl.

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Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in adolescents is a rare but disabling condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy effectively treats 60-70% of adolescent CFS patients, improving long-term outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a complex, clinically defined condition characterized by severe fatigue and other debilitating symptoms.
  • CFS in adolescents is rare, with prevalence estimates ranging from 0.11% to 1.29% across different populations.
  • Diagnosis relies on excluding other medical and psychiatric causes, necessitating thorough clinical history and physical examination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic considerations for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in adolescents.
  • To review the impact of adolescent CFS on academic and social development.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as a treatment for adolescent CFS.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis established through exclusion of other conditions causing chronic fatigue.
  • Clinical history and physical examination are crucial diagnostic tools.
  • Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy's effectiveness in adolescent CFS patients.

Main Results:

  • CFS in adolescents is associated with significant school absenteeism and long-term developmental detriments.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) demonstrated effectiveness in two-thirds of adolescent CFS patients after 6 months.
  • Treatment effects of CBT were sustained at 2-3 year follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • The diagnosis of CFS should be considered in adolescents presenting with severe, long-lasting fatigue.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is an effective treatment for 60-70% of adolescent CFS patients.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention, particularly with CBT, can improve prognosis for adolescents with CFS.