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Related Concept Videos

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction
07:33

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Published on: March 5, 2018

Adult small bowel obstruction.

Mark R Taylor1, Nadim Lalani

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. mark.taylor@ualberta.ca

Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A systematic review found that while abdominal surgery history, constipation, and specific exam findings predict small bowel obstruction (SBO), ultrasound (US) and CT scans are the most accurate diagnostic tools for SBO in the emergency department.

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Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis
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Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Published on: October 29, 2014

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction
07:33

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Published on: March 5, 2018

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis
08:49

Murine Ileocolic Bowel Resection with Primary Anastomosis

Published on: October 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Diagnostic Accuracy
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a critical condition requiring timely diagnosis in the emergency department (ED).
  • Accurate diagnosis of SBO is essential to prevent severe complications.
  • Emergency physicians (EPs) play a key role in the initial management of SBO.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze diagnostic history, physical examination, and imaging for SBO.
  • To determine SBO prevalence in adult abdominal pain patients presenting to the ED.
  • To apply decision-making thresholds to SBO diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and textbooks for SBO diagnostic studies.
  • Quality assessment of selected studies using the QUADAS-2 tool.
  • Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy data (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios) for history, physical exam, and imaging modalities.

Main Results:

  • SBO prevalence is approximately 2% in ED patients with abdominal pain.
  • Predictive history/physical findings include prior abdominal surgery, constipation, abnormal bowel sounds, and distention.
  • Ultrasound (US) demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy (+LR 14.1), followed by MRI and CT; X-ray was least useful.

Conclusions:

  • Key diagnostic predictors for SBO are limited to specific history and physical examination findings.
  • CT, MRI, and US are effective imaging modalities for SBO diagnosis.
  • Bedside US, performable by EPs, shows high accuracy and potential for increased use in ED SBO diagnosis.