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Exercise in leisure time: coronary attack and death rates.
J N Morris1, D G Clayton, M G Everitt
1Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
British Heart Journal
|June 1, 1990
Summary
Vigorous aerobic exercise significantly reduces coronary heart disease risk in middle-aged men. Consistent, intense physical activity offers protection against heart attacks and lowers overall mortality.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Exercise Physiology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of mortality in middle-aged men.
- Understanding the specific types and intensities of physical activity that confer protection is crucial for public health.
- Previous studies have suggested a link between physical activity and reduced CHD risk, but the specifics remain debated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between specific types and intensities of habitual exercise and the incidence of coronary attacks in a cohort of male civil servants.
- To determine if there is a threshold effect or dose-response relationship for exercise intensity in CHD prevention.
- To examine whether past participation in vigorous sports or general physical activity levels offer similar protection.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study involving 9,376 male civil servants aged 45-64 at entry, with no prior CHD history.
- Follow-up for a mean of 9.4 years, during which coronary attacks were recorded.
- Participants reported on participation in vigorous sports, cycling, walking pace, and general physical activity levels.
Main Results:
- Men engaging in frequent vigorous sports, cycling, or fast walking (over 4 mph) had less than half the risk of non-fatal and fatal CHD.
- A dose-response relationship was observed, with higher intensity exercise showing greater protection, particularly in older entrants (55-64).
- Non-vigorous exercise, past sports history, or high overall physical activity alone did not provide significant protection.
Conclusions:
- Habitual, vigorous aerobic exercise, characterized by intensity and duration, is specifically protective against coronary heart disease.
- The findings suggest protection against the acute phases of CHD, with benefits observed even in individuals with existing risk factors.
- Engaging in this specific type of exercise is associated with lower overall mortality, indicating broader health benefits.