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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Social Relationships and Well-Being01:30

Social Relationships and Well-Being

The significance of social relationships in psychological well-being is a well-established area of inquiry within social psychology. Research consistently demonstrates that the presence of meaningful, supportive relationships enhances emotional health, while the absence or deterioration of such connections can contribute to psychological distress. Relationships serve as a foundation for emotional support, identity, and social belonging, all of which are critical to an individual’s overall...
Role of Emotions in Social Life01:01

Role of Emotions in Social Life

Emotions play a fundamental role in shaping human experience and interactions. The absence of emotions would render life incomplete and fail to capture the essence of human nature. In social psychology, feelings and moods have been extensively studied due to their profound impact on social life and interpersonal relationships. These affective states influence decision-making, behavior, and social perceptions, making them integral to understanding human interactions.Emotions and Social...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

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An Olfactory Preference Test for Measuring Olfactory Hedonic Biases in Mouse Models of Depression
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Relationship between olfactory function and social cognition in euthymic bipolar patients.

Guillermo Lahera1, Salvador Ruiz-Murugarren2, Alberto Fernández-Liria1

  • 11Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (Psychiatry),University of Alcala,Madrid,Spain.

CNS Spectrums
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Euthymic bipolar patients exhibit impaired olfactory identification, which is linked to deficits in social cognition, including facial emotion recognition. This suggests a connection between smell and social understanding in bipolar disorder.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderemotion perceptionsmell identificationsocial cognitiontheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Olfactory ability and emotional processing share functional and neuroanatomical links.
  • Social cognition, particularly facial emotion perception, is crucial for interpersonal functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between olfactory ability and social cognition in euthymic bipolar disorder patients.
  • To specifically examine facial emotion perception in relation to olfactory function.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 39 euthymic bipolar disorder outpatients and 40 healthy controls.
  • Assessed olfactory identification using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).
  • Evaluated social cognition with the Emotion Recognition Test and The Faux Pas Recognition Test, alongside general cognition and functioning measures.

Main Results:

  • Bipolar patients demonstrated significant impairments in olfactory identification and social cognition compared to controls.
  • Olfactory identification correlated significantly with facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, and general cognition.
  • These relationships remained significant after controlling for age and smoking status.

Conclusions:

  • Euthymic bipolar disorder is associated with deficits in olfactory identification.
  • Impaired olfactory identification is correlated with deficits in both verbal and non-verbal social cognition measures.
  • Findings highlight a link between olfactory function and social cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder.