Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Considering Pain in Newborn Circumcision.

JAMA pediatrics·2025

Same author

Late Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding in Infancy: The Time to Ensure Effective Prevention.

Nutrition reviews·2025

Same author

Fatty Acid Profiling of Breast Milk at Different Gestational Ages.

Nutrients·2025

Same author

Preface.

Current pediatric reviews·2025

Same author

Effects of Breast Milk or Supplemented Formula Milk on Fecal Metabolomic Profile.

Current pediatric reviews·2025

Same author

Comparing Italian versus European strategies and technologies for respiratory care in NICU: results of a survey of the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS) and the Italian Society of Neonatology (SIN).

Italian journal of pediatrics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants

Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants

Published on: December 20, 2011

Analgesia for infants' circumcision.

Carlo V Bellieni¹, Maria G Alagna, Giuseppe Buonocore

¹Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 2, Siena, Italy. cvbellieni@gmail.com

Italian Journal of Pediatrics

|June 14, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Male circumcision (MC) pain management in infants is best achieved with combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Dorsal penile nerve block with other treatments significantly reduces pain, though a completely pain-free standard is not yet established.

More Related Videos

Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography

Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography

Published on: November 29, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants

Electrophysiological Measurements and Analysis of Nociception in Human Infants

Published on: December 20, 2011

Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography

Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography

Published on: November 29, 2017

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Pain Management
Neonatal Care

Background:

Male circumcision (MC) is a common global procedure with varied reasons for performance.
Infant MC involves surgical interventions requiring effective pain management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare analgesia methods and surgical procedures for infant male circumcision.
To identify optimal pain control strategies based on current literature.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases (post-2000).
Inclusion of 14 studies evaluating pain management in infant MC.
Analysis of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and combined interventions, alongside surgical techniques.

Main Results:

Combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are most effective for infant MC analgesia.
Dorsal penile nerve block, combined with other treatments like acetaminophen and sucrose, dramatically reduces pain.
The Mogen surgical procedure appears less painful than Gomco clamp or PlastiBell device.

Conclusions:

No single procedure definitively eliminates pain during infant male circumcision.
A multimodal approach, particularly dorsal penile nerve block with adjuncts, offers the best current pain relief.
Further research is needed to establish a gold standard for completely pain-free infant MC.