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Related Concept Videos

Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
Microbial Interactions: Predation01:28

Microbial Interactions: Predation

Microbial predation refers to the process by which one microorganism kills and consumes another to obtain nutrients and energy. It encompasses both bacterial and protozoan predators. This interaction plays a crucial role in shaping microbial communities and regulating nutrient cycling.Bacterial Predators: Epibiotic vs. EndobioticBacterial predators are classified based on their mode of attack as either epibiotic or endobiotic. Epibiotic predators, such as Vampirococcus, attach to the surface of...
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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...

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Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
11:05

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Published on: July 7, 2014

Predation risk causes oxidative damage in prey.

Lizanne Janssens1, Robby Stoks

  • 1Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. lizanne.janssens@bio.kuleuven.be

Biology Letters
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Predation risk elevates oxidative stress in damselfly larvae by increasing lipid peroxidation and reducing antioxidant defenses. This highlights a significant, understudied physiological cost of non-consumptive predator effects on prey populations.

Keywords:
antioxidant defencedamselfly larvaelipid peroxidationnon-consumptive effectspredation riskreactive oxygen species

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Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Physiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Non-consumptive predator effects on prey are gaining attention.
  • Physiological stress responses to predation are crucial but understudied.
  • Stress responses can increase metabolic rates and divert energy from antioxidant defenses, potentially causing oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if predation risk increases oxidative damage in Enallagma cyathigerum damselfly larvae.
  • To understand the physiological mechanisms linking predation risk to oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • Larvae of Enallagma cyathigerum were exposed to predation risk.
  • Measurements included lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and superoxide anion concentration.

Main Results:

  • Larvae under predation risk exhibited higher lipid peroxidation.
  • This was correlated with decreased superoxide dismutase levels and increased superoxide anion concentrations.
  • These findings indicate elevated oxidative stress in damselfly larvae facing predation.

Conclusions:

  • Predation risk induces oxidative damage in damselfly larvae, likely due to energy reallocation away from antioxidant defenses and increased metabolic rate.
  • This underappreciated non-consumptive effect of predators may significantly impact prey population dynamics due to fitness consequences of oxidative damage.