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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Sparing phenomena in dermatology.

Jaheersha Pakran1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Govindapuram P.O. Calicut, Kerala, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dermatology’s sparing phenomena, including Reverse Koebner and Renbok Phenomenon, are clarified. Understanding these signs, like isotopic non-response and anatopic phenomenon, aids astute clinical observation of skin conditions.

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Precision Implementation of Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing to Assess Individual Variation in Human Inflammatory Response
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Published on: October 3, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • The interpretation of skin disease patterns can be complex.
  • Several phenomena describe the absence of lesions in specific skin areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the distinctions between four common dermatological sparing phenomena.
  • To enhance understanding of their clinical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review and differentiation of Reverse Koebner phenomenon.
  • Analysis of isotopic non-response/reverse isotopic response.
  • Examination of Renbok Phenomenon.
  • Investigation of anatopic phenomenon.

Main Results:

  • Reverse Koebner: Sparing due to physical trauma.
  • Isotopic non-response: Sparing on healed dermatosis.
  • Renbok Phenomenon: Sparing between two active diseases (often autoimmune).
  • Anatopic phenomenon: Sparing due to infectious diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Dermatological sparing phenomena are numerous, varied, and clinically significant.
  • Clinicians should observe not only the presence but also the absence of lesions.
  • Accurate identification of these phenomena aids in diagnosis and patient management.