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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Gene expression in the deep biosphere.

William D Orsi1, Virginia P Edgcomb, Glenn D Christman

  • 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. william.orsi@gmail.com

Nature
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The deep biosphere harbors microbial life crucial for global cycles. This study reveals dominant anaerobic metabolic processes and cell division in sub-seafloor sediment, offering a holistic view of this environment.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Geochemistry
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Scientific ocean drilling has uncovered a vast deep biosphere within sub-seafloor sediments.
  • Microbial metabolism in the marine subsurface plays a significant role in global biogeochemical cycles.
  • However, the specific activities within the deep biosphere remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the first sub-seafloor metatranscriptomes from anaerobic Peru Margin sediment.
  • To gain a comprehensive understanding of microbial metabolic processes and activities in the deep biosphere.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over one billion complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence reads from sediment samples.
  • Metatranscriptomic analysis of microbial gene expression up to 159 meters below sea floor.

Main Results:

  • Dominant anaerobic metabolic processes identified include amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism.
  • Dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsr) transcript profiles correlate with pore-water sulfate concentrations.
  • Transcripts related to cell division increase with microbial cell concentration across all three domains of life.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide the first holistic picture of deep biosphere activities.
  • Data support existing models and calculations of sub-seafloor microbial metabolism.
  • Microbial abundance in the sub-seafloor is driven by cell division.