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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased by a...
Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Bacterial Phylum Planctomycetes01:26

Bacterial Phylum Planctomycetes

Planctomycetes are a group of morphologically distinct bacteria predominantly classified into two orders: Planctomycetales and Brocadiales. These gram-negative bacteria exhibit unique features, including division by budding and the presence of stalks or appendages. Their cells are often found in rosette arrangements, and they are notable for possessing an S-layer in their cell envelope, which is relatively uncommon among bacteria. Additionally, Planctomycetes frequently exhibit intracellular...
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...

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Related Experiment Video

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Cultivation Methods of Spirochetes from Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Complex and Relapsing Fever Borrelia
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Spiroplasma as a model insect endosymbiont.

Hisashi Anbutsu1, Takema Fukatsu

  • 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan.

Environmental Microbiology Reports
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Male-killing Spiroplasma bacteria in Drosophila models show varied infection dynamics and immune resistance. Understanding these differences could reveal key genetic mechanisms in host-symbiont interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Insect Pathology

Background:

  • Spiroplasma are helical bacteria (class Mollicutes) associated with arthropods and plants.
  • Some Spiroplasma strains induce male-killing, leading to female-biased sex ratios in insect hosts.
  • Transfected Spiroplasma strains in Drosophila melanogaster provide a model for host-symbiont interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze molecular mechanisms of host-symbiont interactions using the Spiroplasma-Drosophila model.
  • To investigate Spiroplasma infection dynamics, environmental influences, and immune system interactions.
  • To compare male-killing and non-male-killing Spiroplasma strains for phenotypic differences.

Main Methods:

  • Transfection of Spiroplasma strains into Drosophila melanogaster via hemolymph injection.

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Identification of Metabolically Active Bacteria in the Gut of the Generalist Spodoptera littoralis via DNA Stable Isotope Probing Using 13C-Glucose

Published on: November 13, 2013

  • Maintenance of infected fly stocks for laboratory studies.
  • Comparative analysis of Spiroplasma strains with differing male-killing abilities.

    • Main Results:

    • Spiroplasma-Drosophila endosymbiosis serves as a model for studying host-symbiont interactions.
    • Male-killing and non-male-killing Spiroplasma strains exhibit distinct infection dynamics.
    • Differences in resistance to host innate immunity were observed between the strains.

    Conclusions:

    • Phenotypic variations between male-killing and non-male-killing Spiroplasma strains suggest potential interconnectedness.
    • Investigating these pleiotropic effects can advance understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of endosymbiosis.
    • The Spiroplasma-Drosophila model is valuable for dissecting complex host-symbiont relationships.