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Emerging Cellular Functions of Cytoplasmic PML.
Guoxiang Jin1, Ying-Jan Wang, Hui-Kuan Lin
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA.
Frontiers in Oncology
|June 14, 2013
Summary
The tumor suppressor protein PML, primarily nuclear, also functions in the cytoplasm (cPML). This review summarizes cPML's emerging roles in cellular functions, including tumorigenesis and antiviral responses.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- The tumor suppressor protein promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is a key scaffold component of nuclear bodies (PML-NBs).
- PML-NBs are crucial for regulating apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and viral resistance.
- While predominantly nuclear, a fraction of PML exists in the cytoplasm (cPML), originating from nuclear export or specific isoforms lacking nuclear localization signals (NLS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize the emerging cellular functions and roles of cytoplasmic PML (cPML).
- To highlight the significance of cPML beyond its canonical nuclear functions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on cytoplasmic PML.
- Synthesis of findings related to cPML's involvement in various cellular processes.
Main Results:
- Cytoplasmic PML (cPML) exhibits distinct functions separate from nuclear PML.
- cPML is implicated in critical cellular processes including tumorigenesis, glycolysis, antiviral responses, laminopathies, and cell cycle regulation.
- Evidence suggests both retention of nuclear PML and specific cPML isoforms contribute to cytoplasmic functions.
Conclusions:
- Cytoplasmic PML (cPML) represents an important functional compartment with diverse roles in cellular regulation.
- Further investigation into cPML is warranted to fully understand its contribution to health and disease, particularly in cancer and viral infections.
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