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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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An immunologist's guide to CD31 function in T-cells.

Federica M Marelli-Berg1, Marc Clement, Claudio Mauro

  • 1William Harvey Research Institute, Barts' and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. f.marelli-berg@qmul.ac.uk

Journal of Cell Science
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The immunoglobulin-like receptor CD31 plays a crucial role in regulating T-cell immunity, impacting T-cell homeostasis, function, and trafficking. This challenges previous views of CD31 as solely an endothelial marker.

Keywords:
CD31Cell signalingMHCPECAM-1T-lymphocyteTraffickingtolerance

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Assessment of the Synaptic Interface of Primary Human T Cells from Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue

Published on: July 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • CD31 (also known as PECAM-1) is an immunoglobulin-like receptor expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells.
  • It was traditionally considered an endothelial cell marker with no significant role in adaptive immunity.
  • Recent studies suggest a more complex function in immune regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss recent findings on the role of CD31 in adaptive immunity.
  • To highlight the regulatory functions of CD31 in T-cell responses.
  • To underscore the impact of CD31 on understanding immune health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent immunological studies.
  • Analysis of CD31's adhesive and signaling functions.
  • Investigation of CD31's role in T-cell homeostasis, effector function, and trafficking.

Main Results:

  • CD31 is critical for regulating T-cell homeostasis, effector function, and trafficking.
  • CD31 signaling is initiated by homophilic engagement and involves cytoplasmic tail motifs.
  • Loss of CD31 function leads to immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to cell death.

Conclusions:

  • CD31 has a non-redundant and complex role in T-cell-mediated immunity.
  • Understanding CD31's integrated functions is vital for comprehending immune responses in health and disease.
  • CD31 is a key regulator of adaptive immunity, not just an endothelial marker.