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Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Dendritic cells: cellular mediators for immunological tolerance.

Chun Yuen J Chung1, Dirk Ysebaert, Zwi N Berneman

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.

Clinical & Developmental Immunology
|June 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dendritic cells (DCs) offer a promising approach for antigen-specific immune modulation, overcoming side-effects of broad immunosuppression. Research explores DC-based therapies for autoimmune diseases and transplantation, with early clinical trials underway.

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Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes
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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Published on: June 22, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes
11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes
06:09

Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

Published on: June 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Therapeutics

Background:

  • Nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs cause severe side effects.
  • Antigen-specific immune modulation is crucial for treating inflammatory diseases.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) possess immune-regulatory functions beyond antigen presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of DCs in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • To explore dendritic cell-based therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dendritic cells and immune tolerance.
  • Analysis of studies modulating DC characteristics for therapeutic purposes.

Main Results:

  • DCs are vital for both central and peripheral immune tolerance.
  • DCs induce tolerance through T cell anergy, deletion, and regulatory T cell induction.
  • Modulation of DCs shows promise in preclinical models for autoimmune diseases and transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Dendritic cell-based therapies represent a novel strategy for antigen-specific immune modulation.
  • Further research and clinical trials are warranted to establish DC-based treatments for autoimmune conditions.