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Anticancer activity of Indian stingless bee propolis: an in vitro study.

Milind K Choudhari¹, Reihaneh Haghniaz, Jyutika M Rajwade

¹Centre for Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : Ecam

|June 14, 2013

Summary

Indian stingless bee propolis extract shows significant anticancer effects by inducing cell death (cytotoxicity) and apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines. This natural compound also exhibits antioxidant properties, contributing to its therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

Natural Products Chemistry
Cancer Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

Indian stingless bee propolis is known for its complex chemical composition and medicinal properties.
Propolis contains various bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) from Indian stingless bees.
To evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of EEP on human and murine cancer cell lines.

Main Methods:

Cytotoxicity assessed using MTT assay and Trypan blue dye exclusion assay.
Apoptosis evaluated via differential staining (ethidium bromide/acridine orange) and TUNEL assay.
Morphological changes observed using light and atomic force microscopy.

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Main Results:

EEP demonstrated significant cytotoxicity, with an IC50 value of 250 μg/mL across tested cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HT-29, Caco-2, B16F1).
A concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect was observed.
Morphological evidence of apoptosis was confirmed in all cell lines after EEP treatment.
Antioxidant potential of EEP was also demonstrated.

Conclusions:

Early onset of apoptosis is the primary mechanism behind the anticancer activity of Indian stingless bee propolis.
EEP exhibits potent anticancer properties, supported by its antioxidant capacity.
Further research into propolis as a natural anticancer agent is warranted.