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A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

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Sequential operation droplet array: an automated microfluidic platform for picoliter-scale liquid handling, analysis,

Ying Zhu¹, Yun-Xia Zhang, Long-Fei Cai

¹Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.

Analytical Chemistry

|June 15, 2013

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A new automated Sequential Operation Droplet Array (SODA) system enables precise picoliter liquid handling for drug screening. This microfluidic system significantly reduces sample and reagent consumption, offering versatile applications in chemical analysis and screening.

Area of Science:

Microfluidics
Analytical Chemistry
Biotechnology

Background:

Traditional microfluidic systems face limitations in precise liquid handling and sample/reagent efficiency.
Automated platforms are needed for high-throughput screening and analysis with minimal sample volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a fully automated droplet-based microfluidic system for picoliter-scale liquid manipulation, analysis, and screening.
To establish a novel droplet depositing technique and an automated manipulation method for versatile microfluidic operations.

Main Methods:

Sequential Operation Droplet Array (SODA) system utilizing a capillary-syringe pump module and a 2D oil-covered droplet array.
Development of a novel picoliter-scale droplet depositing technique.
Implementation of the "aspirating-depositing-moving" (ADM) method for automated droplet manipulation.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Femtoliter Droplet Array for Massively Parallel Protein Synthesis from Single DNA Molecules

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Main Results:

Achieved complete and flexible droplet manipulations (assembling, generation, indexing, transferring, splitting, fusion) in the picoliter range.
Demonstrated ultralow sample/reagent consumption (60-180 pL per reactor), significantly lower than conventional and other droplet systems.
Successfully applied the SODA system for drug screening, including inhibitor screening, IC50 value measurement, and synergistic effect analysis.

Conclusions:

The SODA system provides substantial versatility for analysis and screening of multiple samples with minimal consumption.
The automated ADM method enables complex, multistep droplet manipulations with picoliter precision.
This system offers a powerful tool for applications requiring high throughput and low sample volumes, such as drug discovery.