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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E virus in Scottish blood donors.

A Cleland1, L Smith, C Crossan

  • 1Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, UK.

Vox Sanguinis
|June 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG was found in 4.7% of Scottish blood donors, with HEV RNA detected at a frequency of 1 in 14,520. These findings suggest a need for further research into transmission risks.

Keywords:
HEVNAT testingblood donorsserological testing

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Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA
04:11

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis B Virus DNA

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) exhibits significant regional prevalence variations globally.
  • Blood transfusion has been identified as a potential route for HEV transmission.
  • Understanding HEV prevalence in blood donors is crucial for transfusion safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the seroprevalence of HEV IgG and IgM antibodies in Scottish blood donors.
  • To investigate the presence of HEV RNA in the Scottish blood supply.
  • To assess the potential risk of HEV transmission through blood transfusion in Scotland.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from 1559 Scottish blood donors were tested for HEV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies.
  • Plasma mini-pools (n=43,560 donations) were analyzed for HEV RNA using nested PCR.
  • Confirmed HEV RNA-positive samples were sequenced to identify the genotype.

Main Results:

  • HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 73 out of 1559 donors (4.7%); no IgM antibodies were found.
  • HEV RNA was detected in plasma mini-pools at a frequency of 1 donation in 14,520.
  • Sequencing confirmed the presence of HEV genotype 3 in the positive samples.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of HEV IgG and RNA in Scottish blood donors is lower than in other UK regions but warrants further investigation.
  • The identified HEV RNA frequency necessitates studies on transmission rates and the impact of HEV infection, particularly in immunocompromised recipients.
  • Findings support continued surveillance and potential implementation of HEV screening in blood donations.