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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Samia Naz1, Asma Mushtaq, Saira Rehman

  • 1Department of Paediatric Medicine , The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Lahore. naz_arfi@hotmail.com

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|June 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) most commonly presents as polyarthritis. Understanding JRA subtypes is crucial for effective patient management and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting children.
  • Understanding the diverse clinical manifestations and treatment patterns of JRA is essential for optimal patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and therapeutic interventions in pediatric patients diagnosed with JRA.
  • To characterize the epidemiological and clinical spectrum of JRA at a tertiary care center.

Main Methods:

  • A case series design was employed, enrolling patients who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for JRA.
  • Data on clinical features, investigations, and treatments were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Main Results:

  • Polyarthritis was the predominant subtype (71.9%), followed by oligoarthritis (22.7%) and systemic onset disease (5.4%).
  • Common symptoms included morning stiffness (78%) and fever (68%). NSAIDs, methotrexate, and steroids were frequently used in treatment regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Polyarthritis is the most frequent clinical subtype of JRA observed in this cohort.
  • Accurate identification of JRA subtypes is vital for tailoring management plans and improving patient outcomes.