Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Pneumococcal serotypes before and after introduction of conjugate vaccines, United States, 1999-2011(1.)

Sandra S Richter1, Kristopher P Heilmann, Cassie L Dohrn

  • 1Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. richtes@ccf.org

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|June 15, 2013
PubMed

Insights

The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine significantly reduced disease-causing serotypes. The 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) introduction halted serotype 19A increases, offering broader protection against remaining pneumococcal disease serotypes.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been instrumental in reducing invasive pneumococcal disease.
  • Serotype replacement and the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes are ongoing concerns following vaccination campaigns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive and noninvasive disease in the US.
  • To evaluate the impact of the 7-valent PCV and the introduction of the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) on serotype prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of serotyping data from >43 US centers across multiple time periods: pre-PCV (1999-2000), post-PCV7 (2004-2005), and post-PCV13 (2008-2009, 2010-2011).
  • Analysis of prevalence changes for vaccine-type and non-vaccine-type *Streptococcus pneumoniae* serotypes.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of 7-valent PCV serotypes drastically decreased from 64% (invasive) and 50% (noninvasive) in 1999-2000 to 3.8% and 4.2% in 2010-2011.
  • Introduction of PCV13 in 2010 coincided with a halt in the increase of serotype 19A.
  • Non-vaccine serotype 35B was the only major serotype to increase between 2008-2009 and 2010-2011.

Conclusions:

  • The 7-valent PCV has been highly effective in reducing the prevalence of its targeted serotypes.
  • PCV13 has demonstrated an impact by curbing the rise of serotype 19A and has the potential to cover a significant proportion (39%) of remaining disease-causing isolates.

Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaeUnited Statesbacteriaconjugate vaccinespathogenesisserotypestreptococcivaccine

More Related Videos

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination09:11

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination

Published on: September 25, 2014

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...