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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a stethoscope.
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
07:44

A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism

Published on: September 6, 2024

Paradoxical embolism interrupted.

Ravi Desai1, Bilal Ayub1, Matthew W Martinez1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, 1250 S Cedar Crest Blvd., Suite 300, Allentown, PA 18103-6381, USA.

Heart, Lung & Circulation
|June 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A large mobile thrombus caused extensive pulmonary embolism and syncope in a male patient. Emergent surgery successfully removed the clot, leading to a full recovery and discharge.

Keywords:
EmbolectomyEmbolismParadoxicalPatent foramen ovalePulmonary

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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
09:22

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

Published on: November 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) can present with syncope and unstable vital signs.
  • Mobile thrombi in the left atrium pose a risk for paradoxical embolism and PE.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old male presented with syncope and shortness of breath due to extensive pulmonary embolism.
  • Echocardiography revealed a mobile, strand-like mass in the left atrium, later identified as a large thrombus extending from a patent foramen ovale.

Findings:

  • The patient had a sinus tachycardia with an S1Q3T3 pattern on ECG, indicative of right heart strain.
  • Emergent surgical extraction of the left atrial thrombus and pulmonary artery thromboembolectomy were performed.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering cardiac thrombi in patients with unexplained pulmonary embolism.
  • Prompt surgical intervention can lead to successful outcomes in massive PE with intracardiac thrombus.
  • Patent foramen ovale can serve as a pathway for paradoxical embolism, necessitating thorough diagnostic evaluation.