The cam-type deformity--what is it: SCFE, osteophyte, or a new disease?

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Klaus A Siebenrock1, Joseph M Schwab

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. klaus.siebenrock@insel.ch

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|June 15, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Cam-type deformity of the proximal femur, a precursor to hip impingement, often arises without clear cause. Research explores its developmental and genetic factors, distinct from other hip conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cam-type deformity of the proximal femur is a known risk factor for femoroacetabular impingement and a prearthritic hip condition.
  • The exact causes of cam-type deformity are not fully understood, with potential origins including sequelae of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, infections, or trauma.
  • A significant proportion of cam-type deformities appear to be idiopathic, lacking evidence of prior hip disease, and exhibit distinct racial, sexual, developmental, and genetic influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the various pathogenetic aspects of the proximal femur contributing to cam-type deformity.
  • To explore the factors leading to symptomatic cam-type femoroacetabular impingement.
  • To differentiate idiopathic cam-type deformity from other hip conditions like residual slipped capital femoral epiphysis or osteoarthritis-induced osteophytes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on proximal femur morphology and hip biomechanics.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data regarding racial, sexual, and developmental influences on cam-type deformity.
  • Comparative study of idiopathic cam-type deformity with other hip pathologies.

Main Results:

  • The majority of cam-type deformities are idiopathic, suggesting complex multifactorial etiology.
  • Idiopathic cases demonstrate significant variations across different populations and sexes.
  • Developmental and genetic factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic cam-type deformity.
  • Idiopathic cam-type deformity appears to be a distinct entity, separate from sequelae of other hip diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Cam-type deformity of the proximal femur is a complex condition with a significant idiopathic component.
  • Understanding the developmental and genetic underpinnings of idiopathic cam-type deformity is crucial for effective management and prevention of femoroacetabular impingement.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise pathogenetic pathways involved.

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