Permethrin metabolism in pyrethroid-resistant adults of the horn fly (Muscidae: Diptera)

The in vivo metabolism of topically applied 14C-permethrin was determined for adults of pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.) at 1, 2, and 6 h after treatment. At 1 and 2 h after treatment, resistant horn flies had significantly higher internal levels of radioactivity (permethrin plus metabolites) compared with adults of the susceptible strain. Analysis of the internal extracts by thin-layer chromatography indicated no differences in the levels of permethrin. However, significantly higher levels of metabolites that co-chromatograph with 3-(2'- or 4'-hydroxyphenoxy)benzyl (1RS) cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate at 1 and 2 h after treatment and (1RS) cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid at 1 h after treatment. These results demonstrate that an enhanced penetration and metabolism are present during the early phases of permethrin intoxication. Enhanced metabolism may contribute to the ability of resistant horn flies to survive in the presence of pyrethroids.